The Olah-Offering
Requires Beit HaMikdash
VaYikra 1:2-3 Speak to Benei Yisrael and say to them, 'If a man among you will bring an offering to Hashem; of animals, cattle or sheep you should bring your offering. If his offering is a olah-offering of cattle he shall bring an unblemished male; to the entrance of the Ohel Moed he shall bring it, that it be favorably accepted from him before Hashem.'
We are commanded as to the procedure in connection with the Olah (Burnt)-offering, i.e. ay Olah-offering, whether it be a private or a public sacrifice, must be offered in a certain manner.
No where does Scripture indicate the nature of the sin that necessitated the bringing of a Olah-offering. According to Chazal, such an offering atones for the sinful thoughts (Menachot, Tosefta 10, 12), and for the violation of a Positive Mitzvah (VaYikra 1:4, Sifra)
Jew or Gentile could bring this offering. Even where the offerer was known to be an idolater, his Olah-offering was accepted in the Sanctuary (Chul.13b). During the Second Commonwealth it was customary to offer a daily offering on behalf of the foreign king or emperor who then ruled over Yisrael (Git. 56a; Flavius Josephus, Wars of the Jews 2, 17)
However, no offering was accepted of a Jew who worshipped idols, or who profaned the Shabbat publicly, since either of these transgressions was held equivalent to the rejection of the whole Torah (Hul. 5a; Mishneh Torah, Avodah, Hilchot Maaseh HaKorbanot 3, 4)